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Auschwitz-Birkenau (near the Polish town of Oświęcim) was the largest of the Nazi concentration/extermination camps. Between 1,2 and 1,6 million people were murdered at Auschwitz. Most of the victims were Jews, but also Poles, Roma, and Soviet prisoners of war.

Auschwitz was originally designed as a concentration camp (Auschwitz I), but later expanded to include the extermination camp Birkenau (Auschwitz II) and the large industrial complex using slave labor Buna-Monowitz (Auschwitz III).